流行文化中没有企业家精神故事不足。
打开电视，你可能会发现自己看起来像是这样的杰米西门子的戒指swim with the Sharks onABC’s “Shark Tank.”If you’re a movie buff, you may be drawn to one of several feature-length films about famed entrepreneur Steve Jobs. Prefer podcasts? There’s a long list of shows to choose from, including NPR’s How I Built This.
And, that’s just the start. But, to get a glimpse of what entrepreneurship really looks like around the world, and right here in the United States, we have to look beyond the glamorized media narratives and into the behaviors and motivations of everyday entrepreneurs.
Global Trends in Entrepreneurship
That’s what the全球企业家精神Monitor (GEM)目标是要做。启动于1999年,是一个联合ventu什么re by Babson College and the London Business School has grown into the world’s largest and most developed research program on entrepreneurship. The studies help us uncover and understand the behavior of individuals starting and managing a business—their motivations, their aspirations, and so much more.
So what can GEM data tell us that Hollywood can’t? Here’s a start: Necessity isn’t what motivates entrepreneurs to take a leap and start ventures; it’s opportunity. Seventy-four percent of entrepreneurs across 54 economies around the world start businesses in pursuit of opportunity, according to the 2017/2018 GEM Global Report. Which isgood news for local economies, where new businesses can spur short- and long-term job creation. In the United States, 39 percent of entrepreneurs surveyed expect to generate jobs, following by Asia and Oceania at 21 percent, and Europe at 19 percent.
Opportunity-driven motivation is greatest in North America (83 percent), where innovation—the extent at which entrepreneurs are introducing new products—is at 40 percent, the highest among the economies surveyed. By contrast, innovation is lowest in Latin America and the Caribbean at 23 percent.
“技术，金融和专业服务部门的高度创新，成长的创业和创业活动和创业活动区分了来自其他地区的北美企业家精神，”巴布森大学教授和董事会成员beplay平台最稳定beplay平台下载全球企业家研究协会，海外宝石。“企业家在这里正在通过新的和先进的产品和服务，创造就业机会，创造就业机会，展示不仅在其社会内，而是在世界各地的清晰影响。”
A Tale of Three Entrepreneurial Cities
根据2016 Gem U.S.的报告，知道美国人看到了创业机会的机会，这并不让他们在两年跨度开始或运行新业务。令人惊讶的是什么：不同城市的总体企业活动的方差。
The 2016 report dug deeper into U.S. data, providing a city-level analysis of entrepreneurship in Boston, Miami, and Detroit.迈阿密是在企业家活动列表的顶端陌生人: the south Florida city is No. 1 on the Kauffman Foundation’s 2017 Index of Startup Activity, a measurement of new business creation in the country’s 40 largest metro regions. But, the GEM report revealed that close to one in five entrepreneurs in Miami, and one in six in Detroit, are motivated by necessity. That’s echoed in further findings: Detroit has the highest entrepreneurship levels among the lowest third of the income category.
More fascinating trends across the three cities: Age patterns show high entrepreneurship rates among young people in Detroit, those in mid-career in Miami, and people in their late careers in Boston. And, in Beantown, there’s a wider gender gap—women in the city start businesses at around the half the rate that men do.
Why is all this important to study and understand? Aside from developing a realistic understanding and interpretation of what entrepreneurship really looks like—aside from what we see on our television screens—it comes down to providing the right resources for entrepreneurs in each city.
“It is important to identify a city’s needs and monitor progress relative to entrepreneurship,” said Kelley. “Whether that means, for example, supporting women or youth entrepreneurs, or assisting ventures that introduce innovations or create jobs.”
